目的 系统评估脐血单个核细胞（umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells,UCB-MNCs）对兔肩袖部分撕裂愈合的生物力学性能、组织学特征以及分子机制的影响,为临床转化提供实验依据。方法 将30只新西兰雄兔随机分为四组：空白组（无干预）、细胞注射组（UCB-MNCs局部注射）、对照组（造模+生理盐水注射）及实验组（造模+UCB-MNCs注射）。术后8周和12周,通过大体观察、生物力学测试（最高拉伸负荷、弹性模量）、组织病理学染色（HE、Masson、番红固绿）及免疫组化（Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原）分析修复效果,并评估UCB-MNCs的安全性。结果 术后8周,实验组瘢痕面积较对照组减少42%（P<0.01）,生物力学强度显著提高（82.83±8.22 N vs 64.26±2.46 N,P=0.002）;术后12周,实验组胶原纤维排列规则度达正常肌腱的78%,I型胶原占比从35%提升至62%（P<0.05）,且生物力学性能与空白组无统计学差异（P=0.213）。组织学显示UCB-MNCs显著抑制炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）表达,促进纤维软骨界面再生。结论 UCB-MNCs通过抑制炎性微环境及促进细胞外基质重塑,显著改善肩袖部分撕裂的愈合质量,为非手术治疗提供实验依据。
Abstract
Objective The effects of umbilical blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MNCs) on the biomechanical properties, histological characteristics and molecular mechanism of partial rotator cuff tear healing in rabbits were systematically evaluated to provide an experimental basis for clinical transformation. Methods Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: blank group (no intervention), cell injection group (UCB-MNCs local injection), control group (modeling + normal saline injection) and experimental group (modeling +UCB-MNCs injection). At 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, the repair effect was analyzed by gross observation, biomechanical tests (maximum tensile load, elastic modulus), histopathological staining (HE, Masson, saffranine solid green), and immunohistochemistry (type I/III collagen), and the safety of UCB-MNCs was evaluated. Results After 8 weeks, scar area of the experimental group was reduced by 42% (P<0.01), and biomechanical strength was significantly increased (82.83±8.22N vs 64.26±2.46 N, P=0.002). At 12 weeks after surgery, the arrangement regularity of collagen fibers in the experimental group reached 78% of normal tendons, and the proportion of type I collagen increased from 35% to 62% (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the biomechanical properties between the experimental group and the blank group (P=0.213). Histology showed that UCB-MNCs significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and promoted the regeneration of fibrocartilage interface. Conclusion UCB-MNCs significantly improved the healing quality of partial rotator cuff tears by inhibiting inflammatory microenvironment and promoting extracellular matrix remodeling, providing experimental basis for non-surgical treatment.
关键词
肩袖部分撕裂 /
脐血单个核细胞 /
生物力学 /
组织重塑 /
炎症调控
Key words
partial tear of rotator cuff /
umbilical blood mononuclear cells /
biomechanics /
tissue remodeling /
inflammation regulation
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基金
湖南省卫生健康委员会指导项目“脐血单个核细胞对兔肩袖部分撕裂的治疗效果及其机制研究”（202204073117）; 湖南省自然科学基金“负载BMSC-EXOs的可注射式温敏胶原水凝胶的构建及其在肩袖损伤修复中的作用”（2024JJ9282）
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