目的 探究成年糖尿病患者抑郁焦虑症状的潜在类别及影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,根据纳入和排除标准选取湖南省长沙市15家医院的505例成年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,通过自制的一般资料调查问卷、患者健康问卷、抑郁症状群量表、广泛性焦虑自评量表进行调查。采用Mplus 8.3软件进行潜在剖面分析,结合相关指标探究患者抑郁焦虑症状的潜在类别。采用SPSS 27.0软件进行卡方检验、多分类Logistic回归分析不同类别的影响因素。结果 成年糖尿病患者抑郁焦虑症状可分为3个潜在类别：低抑郁焦虑组（C1,61.0%）、中度抑郁焦虑-躯体症状组（C2,30.5%）、重抑郁焦虑组（C3,8.5%）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,以C1组为参照组,女性（OR=1.596,95%CI：1.063~2.399）患者归于C2组的可能性更高;独居（OR=2.964,95%CI：1.375~6.390）患者归于C3组的可能性更高;有合并症（OR=0.362,95%CI：0.169~0.744）、家庭月收入>5 000元（OR=0.300,95%CI：0.123~0.734）的患者归于C3组的可能性更低。结论 成年糖尿病患者抑郁焦虑症状可分为低抑郁焦虑组、中度抑郁焦虑-躯体症状组、重抑郁焦虑组3个潜在类别,且受性别、是否独居、家庭月收入、合并症的影响,提示医务人员应对不同抑郁焦虑亚组的糖尿病患者制定针对性心理干预措施和健康指导。
Abstract
Objective To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of depression and anxiety symptoms in adult diabetic patients. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 505 adult diabetic patients from 15 hospitals in Changsha, Hunan Province, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through a self-designed general information questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Mplus 8.3 software was used for potential profile analysis, and the potential categories of depression and anxiety symptoms of patients were explored in combination with relevant indicators. SPSS 27.0 software was used to conduct chi square test and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of different categories. Results Depression and anxiety symptoms in adult diabetic patients can be classified into three potential categories: mild depression and anxiety group (C1, 61.0%), moderate depression and anxiety with somatic symptoms group (C2, 30.5%), and severe depression and anxiety group (C3, 8.5%). Logistic regression analysis showed that taking group C1 as the reference group, female patients (OR=1.596, 95% CI: 1.063-2.399) were more likely to belong to group C2; patients living alone (OR=2.964, 95% CI: 1.375-6.390) were more likely to belong to group C3; patients with complications (OR=0.362, 95% CI: 0.169-0.744) and family monthly income>5 000 yuan (OR=0.300, 95% CI: 0.123-0.734) were less likely to belong to group C3. Conclusion Depression and anxiety symptoms in adult diabetic patients can be classified into three potential categories: mild depression and anxiety group: moderate depression and anxiety with somatic symptoms group, and severe depression and anxiety group, and were affected by gender, whether living alone, family monthly income, and complications. Medical staff should develop targeted psychological interventions and health guidance for diabetic patients based on their specific depression and anxiety subgroups.
关键词
糖尿病 /
抑郁 /
焦虑 /
潜在剖面分析
Key words
diabetes mellitus /
depression /
anxiety /
latent profile analysis
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基金
湖南省自然科学基金“基于知识图谱自动构建技术的糖尿病足临床决策支持系统的建立”（2023JJ70063）
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