目的: 探究态势分析法（strengths, weakness, opportunity, and threats,SWOT）指导下的风险预警预控在神经外科重症监护室（neurosurgical intensive care unit,NICU）机械通气患者护理中的应用。方法: 将2021年1月—2024年12月我院收治的80例NICU机械通气患者纳入研究。使用信封法分为风险预警组（40例）和常规护理组（40例）。常规护理组接受NICU常规护理干预,风险预警组接受SWOT分析指导下风险预警预控干预。对比两组患者的NICU住院时间、机械通气时间、总住院时间、病情危急程度[多器官功能障碍评分（multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS）、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价II评分（acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II,APACHE II）]、机械通气效果[血氧分压（partial pressure of blood oxygen,PaO₂）、二氧化碳分压（partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO₂）、血氧饱和度（blood oxygen saturation,SaO₂）]及并发症发生率。结果: 风险预警组患者NICU住院时间、机械通气时间、总住院时间均短于常规护理组（P<0.05）;风险预警组患者MODS、APACHE II评分均低于常规护理组（P<0.05）;风险预警组患者PaO₂、SaO₂均高于常规护理组,PaCO₂低于常规护理组（P<0.05）;风险预警组并发症发生率低于常规护理组（P<0.05）。结论: SWOT分析指导下风险预警预控能有效缩短NICU患者的住院时间,保障机械通气效果,降低并发症发生率,加快病情康复。

Objective To explore the application of risk early warning and pre-control under the guidance of strengths, weakness, opportunity, and threats (SWOT) analysis in the nursing of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods A total of 80 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in NICU of the hospital were enrolled between January 2021 and December 2024. According to envelope method, they were divided into risk early warning group (40 cases, risk early warning and pre-control under the guidance of SWOT analysis) and routine nursing group (40 cases, routine nursing). The stay time in NICU, mechanical ventilation time, total length of hospital stay, disease severity[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II)], mechanical ventilation effect[partial pressure of blood oxygen (PaO₂), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), blood oxygen saturation (SaO₂) ]and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The stay time in NICU, mechanical ventilation time and total length of hospital stay in risk early warning group were shorter than those in routine nursing group (P<0.05), and scores of MODS and APACHE II were lower than those in routine nursing group (P<0.05). PaO₂ and SaO₂ in risk early warning group were higher than those in routine nursing group, while PaCO₂ was lower than that in routine nursing group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in risk early warning group was lower than that in routine nursing group (P<0.05). Conclusion Risk early warning and pre-control under the guidance of SWOT analysis can effectively shorten length of hospital stay, ensure mechanical ventilation effect, reduce incidence of complications and accelerate recovery of patients in NICU.