目的: 了解医学生职业决策困难的现状,探讨心理资本在医学生领悟社会支持与职业决策困难间的中介作用,为预防和干预医学生职业决策困难提供理论依据。方法: 2024年6月—8月通过便利抽样法,选取湖南省、陕西省两所医学院校的940名医学生为研究对象,采用领悟社会支持量表、心理资本量表、职业决策困难量表进行调查。结果: 940名医学生职业决策困难总分为（40.29±9.31）分,处于中等水平。职业决策困难与领悟社会支持呈负相关（r=-0.473,P<0.01）,与心理资本呈负相关（r=-0.550,P<0.01）,心理资本与领悟社会支持呈正相关（r=0.606,P<0.01）;回归分析显示：年级、专业、是否有实习或兼职经历、领悟社会支持、心理资本是职业决策困难的影响因素（P<0.05）。心理资本（自我效能、希望）在医学生领悟社会支持与职业决策困难之间起部分中介作用,中介效应为-0.221,中介效应占总效应的49.55%。结论: 医学院校应积极采取措施提升医学生的领悟社会支持水平,同步强化心理健康教育,促进其身心健康,对提升医学生职业决策水平及就业质量具有重要意义。
Abstract
Objective To understand the current situation of medical students' career decision-making difficulties, and to explore the mediating role of psychological capital between medical students' perceived social support and career decision-making difficulties, so as to provide theoretical basis for preventing and intervening medical students' career decision-making difficulties. Methods From June to August 2024, 940 medical students from two medical colleges in Hunan Province and Shaanxi Province were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method. The perceived social support scale, psychological capital scale and career decision-making difficulty scale were used for investigation. Results The total score of career decision-making difficulties of 940 medical students was (40.29±9.31), which was at a medium level. Career decision-making difficulties were negatively correlated with perceived social support (r=-0.473, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with psychological capital (r=-0.550, P<0.01). Psychological capital was positively correlated with perceived social support (r=0.606, P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that grade, major, internship or part-time experience, perceived social support and psychological capital were the influencing factors of career decision-making difficulties (P<0.05). Psychological capital played a partial mediating role between medical students' perceived social support and career decision-making difficulties. The mediating effect was -0.23, and the mediating effect accounts for 51.1% of the total effect. Conclusion Conclusion Medical colleges should actively take measures to improve the level of perceived social support of medical students, and pay attention to the cultivation and accumulation of psychological capital, which will be of great significance to improve the level of career decision-making and employment quality of medical students.
关键词
职业决策困难 /
领悟社会支持 /
心理资本 /
医学生
Key words
career decision-making difficulties /
perceived social support /
psychological capital /
medical students
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基金
湖南省自然科学基金项目“护生职业认同现状及干预对策研究”（2023JJ50035）
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