目的: 调查福建省福州市学龄前儿童超重与肥胖的流行病学现状,为福建省教育及疾病预防控制部门制定儿童肥胖防控策略及开展相关研究提供科学依据。方法: 采用横断面研究方法,通过整群随机抽样,共纳入3 811名3~6岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象。应用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行描述性统计分析、卡方检验及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果: 1）福州市学龄前儿童总体超重检出率为12.99%（男童14.25%,女童11.59%）;总体肥胖检出率为7.01%（男童8.12%,女童5.76%）。男童肥胖检出率显著高于女童。2）不同年龄组（大、中、小班）的超重检出率介于12.38%~14.20%之间,肥胖检出率介于6.67%~7.37%之间,组间差异均无统计学意义。3）多因素Logistic回归分析揭示,性别（男性风险更高）、父母超重/肥胖（尤其母亲）、屏幕暴露时间过长（>1 h/d）、高糖高脂饮食频率高（≥3次/周）、运动量不足（<1 h/d）、睡眠时间过长（>13 h/d）以及隔代喂养是学龄前儿童超重与肥胖的显著独立影响因素。结论: 福州市学龄前儿童超重与肥胖检出率处于较高水平,显著高于全国平均水平及部分中西部经济欠发达地区,与其他经济发达地区相当。本研究表明,性别、父母体重、屏幕暴露时间、高糖高脂饮食、运动、睡眠时间以及隔代喂养是该地区学龄前儿童超重与肥胖的关键影响因素。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, and compare it with the national average and other cities. To analyze the main influencing factors of overweight and obesity among preschool children from aspects such as age, gender, screen exposure, dietary intake, sleep patterns, physical activity, grandparental feeding, parents’ weight, and parents’ educational level. To provide practical prevention and control suggestions and a basis for the education and disease control departments in Fujian Province in the prevention and health care of childhood obesity and related research. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to include 3 811 preschool children aged 3-6 years as the research subjects. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 26.0 software. Results 1) The total prevalence of overweight among preschool children in Fuzhou City was 12.99% (14.25% for boys and 11.59% for girls), and the total prevalence of obesity was 7.01% (8.12% for boys and 5.76% for girls). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between boys and girls. 2) The prevalence of overweight among children in large, medium, and small classes ranged from 12.38% to 14.20%, and the prevalence of obesity ranged from 6.67% to 7.37%, with no statistically significant differences. 3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (higher risk for boys), parental overweight/obesity (especially mothers), excessive screen exposure (>1 h/d), high-sugar and high-fat diet (≥3 times/week), insufficient physical activity (<1 h/d), excessive sleep time (>13 h/d), and grandparental feeding were the main influencing factors. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Fuzhou City is relatively high, higher than the national average and some economically underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions, and comparable to that in other economically developed areas. Gender (higher risk for boys), parental overweight/obesity (especially mothers), excessive screen exposure (>1 h/d), high-sugar and high-fat diet (≥ 3 times/week), insufficient physical activity (<1 h/d), excessive sleep time (>13 h/d), and grandparental feeding are the main influencing factors.
关键词
学龄前儿童 /
超重 /
肥胖 /
影响因素
Key words
preschool children /
overweight /
obesity /
influence factor
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基金
2024年福建省科技创新联合资金项目“多组学探讨miR-221在哺乳期营养过剩小鼠的成年期脂代谢重编程中的作用”（2024Y9561）
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