目的: 研究婴幼儿早期喂养方式和暴露因素与食物过敏的关系,为食物过敏的预防提供参考。方法: 收集2023年5月—2024年5月在长沙市妇幼保健院儿童保健中心就诊的1~36月龄食物过敏婴幼儿137例和同期同龄的71例健康婴幼儿进行照护者问卷调查。采用单因素和二元Logistics回归分析喂养方式等因素与婴幼儿食物过敏的关系。结果: 208例婴幼儿中,有家族过敏史者136例（65.4%）,两组婴幼儿家族过敏史差异具有统计学意义。在137例食物过敏婴幼儿中,临床表现以皮肤症状最常见（70.8%）,其次为生长迟缓（41.6%）和消化道症状（36.4%）;49.6%患儿表现为单一临床症状,16.7%患儿合并有3种及以上症状。牛奶和鸡蛋是最常见的食物过敏原种类（89.1%和55.5%）,对1种食物过敏者占32.1%,3种及以上食物过敏者占29.2%。单因素分析显示,婴幼儿6月龄内主要喂养方式在两组间具有统计学意义差异,分娩方式、出生后1月内不同时间点添加配方奶、辅食添加时间、婴儿期药物使用、婴儿接触吸烟环境和毛绒玩具等差异没有统计学意义。二元Logistic回归结果显示,6月龄内主要喂养方式与婴幼儿发生食物过敏显著相关,人工喂养是食物过敏的危险因素,尤其是在有家族史者中显著,出生3天或出生3天~1月内添加配方牛奶与食物过敏暂时没发现统计学关联,还需进一步研究。结论: 家族过敏史是婴幼儿发生食物过敏的危险因素,有家族过敏史的婴儿6月龄内母乳喂养是食物过敏的保护因素,提高母乳喂养率,有利于早期预防食物过敏的发生。
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship among early infant feeding methods, exposure factors, and food allergy, to provide a reference for preventing food allergy. Methods This study was conducted in the Children's Health Center of Changsha Hospital For maternal and Child Health Care from May 2023 to May 2024. The questionnaire was completed by 71 healthy newborns and 137 infants with food allergies within the first 36 months of life. The study adopts univariate and binary logistics regression to analyze the relationship between feeding methods and infant food allergy. Results Among 208 newborn participants, 136 cases (65.4%) with a family history of allergy, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Among 137 infants with food allergies, skin symptoms are the most common (70.8%) , followed by growth disorders and feeding difficulties (41.6%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (36.4%) , and 16.7% of the infants had three or more clinical symptoms, while 49.6% of infants with a single symptom. Milk and eggs were the most common sources of food allergens (89.1% and 55.5%) ; 32.1% of infants were allergic to one food, and 29.2% were allergic to three or more foods. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the main feeding methods of infants at 6 months of age. While there were no significant differences in delivery mode, supplement formula milk within one month after birth, complementary foods add time, drug use in infancy, and infants' exposure to smoking environment and plush toys. Binary Logistic regression results showed that the primary feeding pattern in the first six months of life was significantly correlated with an infant's food allergy, and artificial feeding was a risk factor leading to food allergy, especially in those with a family history of allergy. There was no statistical relationship between adding supplement formula milk at three days of birth or within three days to one month of birth and food allergy. Conclusion Family history of allergy is a risk factor that leads to food allergy in infants. Breastfeeding within six months of the infant's age with a family history of allergy is a protective factor against food allergy. Improving the breastfeeding rate is conducive to early prevention of food allergy.
关键词
食物过敏 /
喂养方式 /
危险因素 /
母乳喂养
Key words
food allergy /
feeding patterns /
risk factors /
breastfeeding
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基金
长沙市自然科学基金项目“基于代谢组学的食物过敏的饮食危险因素研究”（kq2202036）
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