目的：了解突发公共卫生事件恢复期老年人的恐惧现状并分析其影响因素,为后续制定相关干预措施提供科学依据。方法：采取便利抽样法于2023年6月至2023年12月对长沙市1 000例老年人采用一般资料问卷、新型冠状病毒肺炎恐惧量表、De Jong Gierveld孤独量表、病人健康状况问卷、广泛性焦虑量表、简版老年人生活质量问卷、简化版双向社会支持量表进行调查。结果：突发公共卫生事件恢复期长沙市老年人的新冠恐惧得分为（16.11±5.09）分;多元线性回归分析显示,是否患冠心病、焦虑、孤独感、双向社会支持、生活质量、受教育程度、团体活动参加频率、性别、每周运动次数、是否患糖尿病、体检频率、是否感染过新冠和子女状况等是老年人新冠恐惧得分的主要影响因素,可解释总变异的81.4%。结论：突发公共卫生事件恢复期长沙市老年人的新冠恐惧处于中等水平,人口学因素（性别、受教育程度、子女数量、生活质量）、疾病因素（新冠感染史、糖尿病史、冠心病史）、心理因素（孤独感、焦虑）、社会因素（体检频率、每周运动次数、团体活动参加频率、双向社会支持）是新冠恐惧水平的主要影响因素。在突发公共卫生事件的恢复期,应大力开展社区义诊和健康宣教活动,关注重点人群,提高老年人的社会参与度,切实满足老年人的身心需求。
Abstract
Objective To understand the fear status of the older people in Changsha during the recovery period of public health emergencies and analyze their influencing factors in order to provide scientific basis for the subsequent development of relevant intervention measures. Methods A total of 1 000 older people in Changsha were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, the Patient Health Status Questionnaire-9, 7-tiem Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the brief older people's Quality Of Life questionnaire, the Brief 2-Way Social Support Scale, and the Brief 2-Way. Results The score of fear in the older people was 16.11±5.09. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, education level, number of children, frequency of physical examination, number of exercises per week, frequency of participation in group activities, and whether they were infected with COVID-19 or had diabetes, coronary heart disease, loneliness, anxiety, quality of life and two-way social support were the main related factors for the score of fear of COVID-19, which explained 81.4% of the total variation. Conclusion During the recovery period of public health emergencies, the fear of the older people in Changsha about COVID-19 is at a medium level. Demographic factors (gender, education level, number of children, quality of life), disease factors (history of COVID infection, history of diabetes, and history of coronary heart disease), psychological factors (loneliness and anxiety), and social factors (frequency of physical examinations, number of exercises per week, frequency of participation in group activities, and two-way social support) are the main influencing factors of COVID-19 fear level. During the recovery period of public health emergencies, it is necessary to vigorously carry out community free clinics and health education activities, pay attention to key groups, improve the social participation of the elder people, and effectively meet the physical and mental needs of the older people.
关键词
突发公共卫生事件恢复期 /
老年人 /
恐惧 /
影响因素
Key words
recovery period of public health emergencies /
older people /
fear /
influencing factors
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基金
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目“新冠疫情放开后老年慢性病患者的心理状况及影响因素的研究”（S202310542071）
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