目的：探讨中学生遭受校园欺凌发生现状、主要影响因素及作用路径。方法：采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,对随机抽取的2 238名中学生进行问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归和结构方程模型,分析中学生遭受校园欺凌的影响因素和作用路径。结果：393人报告在过去30天里遭受校园欺凌,发生率为17.6%（95%CI:16.0~19.1）,56人经常遭受欺凌,发生率为2.5%（95%CI:1.9~3.1）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：家人关心、在校有要好朋友是中学生遭受校园欺凌的保护因素;家庭暴力、吸烟、与同学相处感到孤独、抑郁症状是中学生遭受校园欺凌的危险因素;结构方程模型结果显示,遭受欺凌的主要危险因素是学校因素,直接效应为-0.334,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：中学生遭受校园欺凌与学校、家庭、健康状况、不良行为习惯、社会心理因素有关,良好的学校环境能有效减少校园欺凌现象的发生,应采取必要的综合措施进行干预,以减少校园欺凌的发生。
Abstract
Objective To explore the prevalence of suffering from school bullying among middle school students and its main influencing factors. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among 2238 randomly selected middle school students. Multivariate Logistic regression and structural equation models were used to explore the influencing factors and action paths of middle school students suffering from school bullying. Results In the past 30 days, 393 students were reported to have been bullied on campus, with an incidence of 17.6% (95%CI: 16.0-19.1); the number of students who often suffered from bullying was 56, and the incidence was 2.5% (95%CI:1.9-3.1). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, care from family and having good friends in school were protective factors for middle school students to suffer from school bullying. Suffering from domestic violence, smoking, feeling lonely with classmates, and depressive symptoms are risk factors for middle school students to suffer from school bullying. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the main risk factor for bullying was school factor, and the direct effect was -0.334 (P<0.05). Conclusion Suffering from school bullying among middle school students is related to family, school, health status, bad behavior habits and social psychological factors, a good school environment can effectively reduce the occurrence of school bullying, comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of school bullying.
关键词
校园欺凌 /
中学生 /
影响因素
Key words
school bullying /
middle school students /
influencing factors
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基金
湖南省教育科学“十四五”规划项目“双减政策背景下湖南省小学生心理健康状况变化的评估研究”（XJK23BXL007）; 湖南省基础教育教学改革研究重点项目“学习动机视域下‘双减’实施对小学生心理健康影响的循证式评价研究”（Z2023072）; 长沙市软科学研究计划项目“‘双减’政策背景下小学生睡眠及心理健康综合干预技术与模式研究—基于情绪与睡眠的大脑重叠机制”（kh2302023）; 湖南师范大学树达学院教学改革研究项目“布鲁姆教育目标分类理论在《医学心理学》课程中的教学改革研究—以某学院为例”
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