Objective To observe the application effect of whole-course precision health education in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods According to random number table method, 82 patients with cataract treated in the hospital were divided into control group (n=41) and experimental group (n=41) between January and October 2024. The control group was given routine health education, while experimental group was additionally given whole-course precision health education. The psychological stress response[self-rated anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) ], mastery of disease knowledge, self-care ability[exercise of self-care agency scale (ESCA) ]and quality of life[cataract-related visual quality of life (CLVQOL) ]before and after intervention, visual acuity at discharge and nursing satisfaction in the two groups were observed. Results After intervention, scores of SAS and SDS were lower in experimental group than control group (P<0.001). After intervention, mastery of disease knowledge was better in experimental group than control group (P=0.014). After intervention, ESCA score was higher in experimental group than control group (P<0.05), and CLVQOL score (the higher the score, the worse the vision-related quality of life) was lower in experimental group (P<0.05), indicating that quality of life was better in experimental group than control group. On the day of discharge, there was no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity or best corrected visual acuity between the two groups (P>0.05). The nursing satisfaction was higher in experimental group than control group (95.12% vs 80.49%, P=0.043). Conclusion Whole-course precision health education can effectively improve psychological state, improve disease cognition and self-care ability, optimize vision-related quality of life and improve nursing satisfaction in patients undergoing cataract surgery.