Objective To explore the prevalence status of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia in preschool children and analyze its influencing factors. Methods The data of 286 children who were treated in the hospital from October 2022 to October 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. The prevalence status of pneumonia in children was counted. According to the severity of pneumonia, the children were divided into mild group (n=210) and severe group (n=76). The clinical data were compared between both groups, and the risk factors that influence the progression of RSV induced pneumonia to severe cases were analyzed. Results The proportion of age≤2 years old, high fever, fever duration, hospitalization time, proportions of asthma, medium-coarse rales, mixed infection, pulmonary parenchymal lesions and viral load≥106 copies/mL, WBC, NEUT, serum CRP, ALT and CK-MB levels in severe group were significantly higher than those in mild group (P<0.05) while LY was significantly lower than that in mild group (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in gender, contact history, wheezing due to phlegm in the throat and extrapulmonary symptom between the two groups (P>0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age≤2 years old, high fever, prolonged fever duration, asthma, mixed infection, viral load≥106 copies/mL and elevated WBC were risk factors of severe pneumonia in children with RSV infection (P<0.05). Conclusion The rate of severe lung disease is high in preschool children with RSV pneumonia. Age, high fever, fever duration, asthma, mixed infection, viral load and WBC level can affect the disease conditions of children. It is necessary to perform early detection and early treatment of children with RSV pneumonia to avoid progression to severe condition.
Key words
respiratory syncytial virus /
pneumonia /
preschool children /
influencing factors
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