Objective To explore the risk factors of poor postoperative recovery of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion treated by transforaminal endoscopic TESSYS technology, and to construct and validate the relevant prediction model. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion who underwent transforaminal endoscopic TESSYS technology treatment in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021, and all the data of the patients were collected. LASSO regression was used to screen the risk factors for poor recovery after endoscopic TESSYS in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion. The mediating parameter λ in LASSO regression was verified by the 10-fold cross-validation method. Variables with λ not being 0 were selected and included in the multivariate Logistic regression model. To establish a risk factor prediction model for poor recovery after transforaminal endoscopic TESSYS in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion. Based on the results of the prediction model, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The model was internally verified by using Bootstrap for repeated sampling (1000 times), and the consistency index (C-index) could be obtained through calculation. Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 patients were enrolled. Among them, 33 cases had poor postoperative recovery and 67 cases had good recovery. Univariate analysis indicated 8 significantly different indicators. Using LASSO regression dimensionality reduction processing, 7 optimal modeling indicators were indicated, and Logistic regression analysis was conducted on them. Eventually, 3 indicators were obtained: age, combined diabetes, combined osteoporosis, and a risk factor model was constructed: Logi(P)=-1.159+0.681×age+0.291×combined diabetes+0.428×combined osteoporosis. The assessment showed that the C-index of this model was 0.922. The AUC was 0.901(95% CI: 0.863-0.945), and the model had a good predictive ability. Conclusion In this study, a prediction model for poor postoperative recovery of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion treated by transforaminal endoscopic TESSYS technology was established based on LASSO-Logistic, and it has good predictive ability and good application value in clinical practice.