Objective Study the effect of applied muscle tension (AMT) intervention on the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score, vascular elasticity, and optimal benefit population of unpaid whole blood donors. Methods Prospectively select 600 blood donors who participated in blood donation from August 2023 to September 2024 as research objects, and randomly divide them into research group and control group according to the central random system, with 300 cases in each group. The control group received regular care for blood donation patients to complete blood donation, while the research group received AMT intervention to complete blood donation on the basis of the control group. The research group continued training for 2 months. Analyze and compare the changes in blood pressure and pulse rate, STAI score, vascular condition, adverse reactions, and influencing factors of two groups of blood donors before and after blood collection using logistic regression analysis. Results The research group showed a significant difference in systolic blood pressure difference and pulse rate difference compared to the control group, while there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure difference between the two groups of donors. Before blood collection, there was no significant difference in STAI-S and STAI-T between the two groups of blood donors; After blood collection, the STAI-S and STAI-T scores of the two groups of blood donors were significantly reduced, and the STAI-S and STAI-T scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group; Before blood collection, there was no significant difference in blood vessel conditions such as vessel diameter, blood flow velocity, vessel thickness, and vessel elasticity between the two groups of blood donors; After blood collection, the vascular diameter of the study group was thicker than that of the control group, and the blood flow velocity was slower than that of the control group. The number of people with thick and clear blood vessels and good vascular elasticity was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the values were better than before blood collectio. The total incidence of adverse reactions among blood donors in the control group higher than in the study group. First-time blood donation, female, age range (18-30 years old), weight<55 kg, and occupation as a school student are the main influencing factors for adverse blood donation reactions. Conclusion Interventions in muscle contraction and relaxation exercises can improve STAI scores, increase vascular elasticity. Primary blood donors, female, age range (18-30 years old), weight<55 kg, and occupation as school students are the main influencing factors for adverse reactions in blood donation. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this type of blood donor population. AMT can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, with the best beneficiaries being young women who donate blood for the first time.