A study on the synergistic effect of cesarean delivery and antenatal antibiotic use on the risk of allergic rhinitis in offspring

DONG Yunpeng; LIU Zixin; LI Jian

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Journal of Hunan Normal University(Medical Science) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4) : 129-133.

A study on the synergistic effect of cesarean delivery and antenatal antibiotic use on the risk of allergic rhinitis in offspring

DONG Yunpeng¹, LIU Zixin^2,3, LI Jian²

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Abstract

Objective To investigate the interaction between cesarean delivery and antenatal antibiotic use in the development of allergic rhinitis in children. Methods This study adopted a case-control research design, with a 1∶1 gender frequency matching principle. We enrolled 239 children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis as the case group and 239 children without a history of allergic rhinitis as the control group. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between cesarean delivery, antenatal antibiotic use, and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children. Both additive and multiplicative interaction models were analyzed. Results The cesarean delivery rate (50.7%) and antenatal antibiotic use rate (20.1%) in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (35.1% and 14.9%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that cesarean delivery (OR=1.917, 95% CI: 1.316-2.792, P<0.05) and antenatal antibiotic use (OR=2.369, 95% CI: 1.380-4.066, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for allergic rhinitis in children. Furthermore, the risk of allergic rhinitis in children born by cesarean delivery and exposed to antenatal antibiotics was 9.629 times higher than that in children not exposed to either factor. A significant multiplicative interaction was observed between cesarean delivery and antenatal antibiotic use (OR=4.359, 95% CI: 1.192-15.941, P=0.026). Conclusion Cesarean delivery and antenatal antibiotic use exhibit a synergistic effect on the development of allergic rhinitis in children. These findings suggest that reducing cesarean delivery rates and antenatal antibiotic use may be critical strategies for preventing allergic rhinitis in children.

Key words

allergic rhinitis in children / cesarean delivery / antenatal antibiotic use / interaction

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DONG Yunpeng, LIU Zixin, LI Jian. A study on the synergistic effect of cesarean delivery and antenatal antibiotic use on the risk of allergic rhinitis in offspring[J]. Journal of Hunan Normal University(Medical Science). 2025, 22(4): 129-133

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