Objective To investigate the awareness and current situation of HPV and HPV vaccination among female college students in a university in Changsha, to explore the factors influencing the awareness level and vaccination status of female college students, and to provide scientific basis for further promotion of HPV vaccination. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted using Wenjuanxing, and some female university students from the first and second years of a certain university were randomly selected as the study subjects for a cross-sectional survey. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data, and the chi-square test was used to analyze the female university students' awareness of HPV and its vaccine. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the factors influencing their awareness level and vaccination status. Results A total of 524 female university students were included in the analysis. The survey results showed that the awareness rate of cervical cancer among female university students was 96.0%, the awareness rate of HPV was 87.2%, and the awareness rate of HPV vaccine was 91.8%. The overall awareness rate of HPV and its vaccine among university students was 48.1%, indicating that 48.1% of university students had a high level of awareness of HPV and its vaccine, while 51.9% had a lower level of awareness. Grade was a factor influencing university students' awareness level of HPV and its vaccine, with higher-grade students having a higher awareness rate of HPV than lower-grade students. Grade(OR=3.086, 95%CI: 2.102-4.529) was a factor affecting university students' awareness level of HPV and its vaccine. The vaccination rate of HPV vaccine among the study subjects was relatively low, with only 17.6% of female university students having received the HPV vaccine, 8.4% having only made an appointment, and 74.0% neither vaccinated nor having made an appointment for the HPV vaccine. The main reasons for not being vaccinated were difficulty in making an appointment (57.5%), high vaccine price (41.8%), and lack of in-depth understanding of the HPV vaccine (30.7%). Monthly consumption level (OR=2.022, 95%CI: 1.292-3.164), father's education level (OR=1.382, 95%CI: 1.036-1.842), and household registration (OR=1.827, 95%CI: 1.098-3.038) were factors influencing female university students' vaccination against HPV. Conclusion The awareness rate of HPV and its vaccine among university students is not high, and the vaccination rate among female university students is relatively low. It is recommended to strengthen health promotion and education related to HPV and its vaccine, further improving university students' awareness level of HPV and its vaccine and increasing the HPV vaccination rate among university students.