Objective To explore the influence of pre-rehabilitation management system constructed by evidence-based proof on rapid rehabilitation of patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery. Methods From May to October 2023, 55 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery and received evidence-based proof-constructed pre-rehabilitation management system intervention and were designated as the pre-rehabilitation group. Additionally, 55 patients with thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery who received routine nursing from July 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the control group in a 1: 1 ratio. The pulmonary function, rehabilitation status, nutritional status, occurrence of complications and patient satisfaction were compared between groups. Results At 1 week after surgery, the forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and maximum ventilation volume per minute (MVV) in the two groups were reduced compared with those at admission and before surgery, but FEV1/FVC and MVV in pre-rehabilitation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The first ambulation time, thoracic tube removal time and postoperative hospital stay in pre-rehabilitation group were shorter compared to control group (P<0.05). The scores of PG-SGA self-assessment and peer assessment in pre-rehabilitation group before surgery and at 1 week after surgery were risen than those at admission, and the scores in pre-rehabilitation group before surgery and at 1 week after surgery were higher than those in control group. The total incidence rate of complications was lower in pre-rehabilitation group than that in control group. Before surgery and at 1 week after surgery, the score of patient satisfaction questionnaire of H hospital in pre-rehabilitation group was higher compared to control group. Conclusion Pre-rehabilitation management system constructed by evidence-based proof is conducive to promoting the postoperative rapid rehabilitation of patients with thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery, and has positive significance in improving the postoperative lung function and preoperative and postoperative nutritional status, reducing the incidence rates of patients and enhancing the nursing satisfaction of patients.