目的：分析产褥期感染的病原菌和耐药性及其危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2020年7月―2021年12月在我院分娩的124例产妇的临床资料,统计感染率、病原菌和耐药性,分析感染的危险因素。结果：9例产妇发生感染,感染率7.26%,感染部位主要为会阴切口（33.33％）和生殖道（22.22％）。共检出病原菌36株,革兰氏阴性菌19株（52.78％）、革兰氏阳性菌14株（38.89％）、真菌3株（占8.33％）。革兰氏阴性菌（肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌）对利福平、万古霉素和美罗培南耐药率低。革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌）对万古霉素和亚胺培南的耐药率低。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,妊娠合并症、产前贫血、产后出血、产程时间≥8 h、破膜时间≥12 h、软产道损伤是产褥期感染的独立危险因素。结论：产褥期感染以革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌为主,应根据耐药情况选择敏感性高的抗菌药物。影响产褥期感染的因素较多,可根据相关危险因素采取相应的预防措施。

Objective To analyze the pathogens, drug resistance and risk factors of puerperal infection. Methods The clinical data of 124 parturients who delivered in our hospital from July 2020 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The infection rate, pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance were counted, and the risk factors of infection were analyzed. Results The infection rate was 7.26% in 9 parturients. The main infection sites were perineum incision (33.33%) and genital tract (22.22%). A total of 36 pathogens were detected, including 19 gram-negative bacteria (52.78%), 14 gram-positive bacteria (38.89%) and 3 fungi (8.33%). The resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to rifampicin, vancomycin and meropenem was low. Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) had low resistance rates to vancomycin and imipenem. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pregnancy complications, prenatal anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, labor process time ≥ 8 h, rupture time ≥ 12 h, and soft birth canal injury were independent risk factors of puerperal infection. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria and positive bacteria were the main pathogens of puerperal infection, and the antibiotics with high sensitivity should be selected according to the drug resistance. There are many factors influencing puerperal infection, and corresponding preventive measures can be taken according to relevant risk factors.