目的：调查研究湖南省成年人慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率及其相关的危险因素。方法：运用横断面研究，采取多阶段抽样的方法，对抽取的湖南省的5个城市的部分18岁及以上居民进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检查。结果：湖南省成年人群中CKD的患病率为10.81%，随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势，CKD人群的知晓率约为20.8%；其中蛋白尿的检出率为1.85%，男性高于女性，且随着年龄的增长而升高；血尿检出率为7.40%，女性高于男性，不同年龄段差异具有统计学意义；肾功能下降eGRF＜60mL/min/1.73m²的检出率为2.65%，不同性别及不同年龄段差异具有显著的统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、高收缩压、糖尿病与CKD密切相关。结论：湖南省成年人群的慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率与全国成年人群CKD的患病率相仿，年龄、高收缩压、糖尿病与CKD密切相关。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among adults in Hunan Province. Methods Using cross-sectional study, take the method of multistage sampling, the survey was performed in part of residents (aged≥18 years) from 5 cities of Hunan Province, data was obtained by questionnaire of risk factors of CKD, physical examination, and laboratory examination. Results The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Hunan province was 10.81%, it increased with the growth of the age, the awareness rate among CKD population was 20.8%. The prevalence of albuminuria was 1.85%, and the prevalence of albuminuria in males were significantly higher than females, and it increased with age; The prevalence of hematuria was 7.40%, females were higher than males, there was a significant statistical significance about the prevalence of hematuria in different ages. The prevalence of reduced eGFR was 2.65%, There was a significant statistical significance about the prevalence of reduced eGFR both in different genders and ages. Multiple factor logistic regression analysis results show that age, high systolic blood pressure, diabetes were closely related to CKD. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the adult population of Hunan is similar to that in China. Age, high systolic blood pressure, diabetes were closely related to CKD.