Objective To study the efficacy of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration without T-tube suture in the treatment of common bile duct stones. Methods 408 cases of patients with common bile duct stones who were hospitalized from February 2012 to June 2016 were selected as the subjects. All the patients were randomized to the control group and the observation group, each group of 204 cases. The control group received laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (with T-tube suture); and the patients in the observation group were treated with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration without T-tube suture. The operative parameters, postoperative recovery effect and postoperative complications were observed. Results The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group. The primary exhaust time, drainage time and hospital stay were lower in the observation group than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the bile duct hemorrhage, infection, stenosis and bile leakage. Conclusion In the treatment of common bile duct stones, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration without T-tube suture treatment of surgical trauma, bleeding less, can reduce the risk of postoperative complications, conducive to postoperative recovery as soon as possible, shorten the hospital Time, more with a minimally invasive surgical advantage.