Abstract：Objective To observe the effect of Hyperthermia preconditioning olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) combined with neural stem cells (NSCs) on spinal cord injury, and to provide reference for clinical treatment of spinal cord injury. Methods NSCs were cultured with normal or 40℃ pretreated OECs supernatant respectively, and the number of NSCs differentiation into neurons were compared between the two groups. The spinal cord semi-transection injury model was established, then the rata with spinal cord injury were treated by combined transplantation of NSCs with OECs or hyperthermia pretreated OECs . Control group was injected with PBS. The motor recovery and pathological changes of the rats were observed, and the effect of hyperthermia preconditioning OECs on the repair of spinal cord injury was analyzed. Results In the cell experiments, the proportion of NSCs differentiation into neurons in the hyperthermia preconditioning group was significantly higher than that in the control group. In animal experiments, the BBB scores of motor function in the hyperthermia preconditioning group increased rapidly 2 weeks after transplantation, and entered the slow rising stage 6 weeks after transplantation. The increase amplitude and speed were significantly higher than those in the other two groups, and the motor function recovered obviously. The results of rod climbing score and rotation time were similar to the BBB score. The pathological section of spinal cord showed that the hyperthermia preconditioning group had the best recovery effect of spinal cord tissue structure. BrdU tracer staining showed that the transplanted cells were widely distributed in the damaged area after repair. Conclusion Hyperthermia preconditioning of OECs can promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons. Combined transplantation of Hyperthermia preconditioning OECs and NSCs can effectively treat spinal cord injury.
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